This link has a proof of this theorem, which we also proved in class as a group activity and as extra-credit homework: John Polking's Sphere Pages at Rice University
The proof is homework, but the statement is here at Harvey Mudd
Here is a page on this topic.
Vectors and the Sphere (also planes, etc)
Links to Sources for Geometry of the Sphere
Vectors and the Sphere (also planes, etc)
445 Student Notes on the Sphere (at the bottom of the page; also some familiar notes on circles)